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Although any number of factors can trigger the adrenocortical stress reaction, the response itself is always the same. It involves the release from the adrenal glands of specific hormones, mainly the corticosteroids, which in turn mobilize the body against invading germs or foreign pro teins. In fact, the Soviet work on microwave stress has disclosed a brief period of increased immune-system competence at very low inten sities (under 10 microwatts). However, when an organism must face a continual or repeated stress, the response system enters the chronic phase, during which resistance declines below normal and eventually becomes exhausted. It includes a system of circulating antibodies by which specialized cells recognize the intruder. The cells controlling this phase, which is called humoral immunity, then select appropriate defenders from an array of other types, each programmed for a certain function, such as digesting bacteria, clearing away cellular debris, or neutralizing poisons. Thus we can predict that, just like a fire company answering a false alarm, the body will be less able to fight a real fire. Several groups of Soviet researchers have found a decline in the efficiency of white blood cells in rats and guinea pigs after the animals had been exposed to radio waves and mi crowaves. Most of these experimenters checked for immune system dis ruption only up to power densities of about 500 microwatts, one twentieth of the nominal American safety standard. Multiple dangers from higher levels are already considered proven in the Soviet Union. Udintsev found that the concentration of bacteria needed to kill mice in such an environment was only one fifth that needed without the field. When considering resistance to illness, we must also account for the effect of electromagnetic energy on the disease itself, a factor that has so far been all but ignored. In 1978 they reported the results of exposing thirteen standard strains of bacteria?including anthrax, ty phus, pneumonia, and staphylococcus?to electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic fields inhibited the growth of the germs but in many cases still enhanced their resistance to antibiotics. First described in 1963, this condition begins with severe vomiting as a child is recovering from the flu or chicken pox. It then progresses to lethargy, personality changes, con vulsions, coma, and death. The mortality rate, initially very high, has now been reduced to about 10 percent, but the incidence has increased greatly. A virus disease carried by certain insects, it produces severe arthritis in humans. This is a pneumonia caused by a common soil bacterium that has found a second home in air-conditioning sys tems. The organism caused us no recognized problems before the initial outbreak in Philadelphia in 1976. The patient is unable to resist common, otherwise harmless bacteria and viruses, and can no longer suppress the seeds of can cer that reside in all of us. Sexual permissiveness generally takes the blame, but a decline in immunocompetence may be more important.

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The intervention received the Award Best Project 2012 Food & Health on the 15th Food & Health Congress in Brussels. A third intervention (on-going) is set up in 2 nursing homes in 2 different eating cultures in 2 different countries (Belgium/Flanders and the Netherlands/N-Brabant) with scientific guidance of 3 universities (Ghent, Antwerp, Nijmegen). The aim is to prove that the gastrological interventions have a positively influence on the weight evolution and the quality of life in two different cultures and that the interventions are copy pastable in other cultures. We experimented(on-going) to roll out the gastrological basic knowledge in 3 hospitals in the Netherlands. The hospital in Rotterdam was honoured with the Award Best Menu 2013, the hospital in Sneek (Friesland) was honoured with the Hospital Food Safety Award 2013, and the hospital in Nijmegen got the Award Best Menu in 2010 and was nominated in for the Award in 2011. We also will set up an intervention in innovative homecare delivery to prevent undernutrition, in Bruges for 600 elderly at home (starting in 2013). The interventions consist of a learning programme, a systematic risk screening/monitoring, a hierarchy of actions starting with normal food driven by a gastroteam and a good communication between the different actors involved in the nutritional care. We developed a food quality improving system to tackle malnutrition, based on the homeostatic mechanism. We develop (on-going) a digital platform around nutrition that offers a number of services in the cloud, that support integration with other software and hardware, and can be consumed by various roles like chefs, dieticians, caretakers, visitors, management, suppliers, nurses, moderators and others. We developed a New Deal with dieticians allowing chefs to feel free to use the ingredients they need to make meals more palatable. We build up a network for chefs and we stimulate interdisciplinary networking (chefs, dieticians and nursing) We focus on sustainability, flow optimalization and digitalization of administrative work in kitchens to cut operational cost which we can reinvest in food. Providing added value to the kitchen improves the quality of life and wellbeing of the elderly. Further information We work on a strategy 2020 for food in health care in Flanders and the Netherlands. Contact Details Organisation name: Center for Gastrology Contact person: Edwig Goossens Email: edwig. Description Target population: Older people in general population (Older people at risk of undernutrition, carers, health and social care professionals) Target population: Older people > 75 years of age 969,125 Main topic: Nutrition Description: Implementation of a nutritional care plan and policy including routine nutritional screening and monitoring for undernutrition and risk of undernutrition among all those over 75 years of age. Early detection of those at risk of undernutrition or already undernourished allowing for appropriate nutritional support to be given as soon as possible. Strong relationships have been established with policy makers and health and social care leads supporting the implementation of screening across all care settings. In addition, in November 2013 the Flemish Minister of Health is organising a one day meeting with the Royal Academy of Medicine, for all stakeholders, focusing on undernutrition. The Federal government has also allocated funds of 70, 000? to provide hospitals with the appropriate software to register undernutrition and nutritional status in all older patients (>75 years) in all the hospitals in the country. We have already had successful work in Poland where a declaration in 2011 which outlined four key actions to address disease related malnutrition.

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First, employers may be less inclined to impose unrealistic expectations upon the clinician. Second, if the content of the training is properly specified, the clinician should be better prepared to meet the critical demands of the work setting. A repeated concern is that the implementation of knowledge and skills will necessarily increase the time required for students to matriculate. This is a legitimate concern in view of rising education costs and declining enrollments at the graduate level. Another important consideration, however, is that not all training occurs at the pre-service level. In fact, it is unreasonable to expect any pre-service training program to be the complete source of knowledge in any profession. We should only expect that pre-service training will provide the emerging professional with the skills for meeting a limited set of client and employer needs and the strategies for acquiring new knowledge and skills on the job. Technological and clinical advancements, as well as changing clinical responsibilities, can result in a demand for additional competencies. From this standpoint, continuing education assumes a prominent role in clinical training. It, therefore, becomes critical that we delineate training and service-delivery guidelines that extend beyond the pre-service level. As such, the areas of knowledge and skills described herein are intended to delineate comprehensive service delivery independent of training method or level. The audiologist: Responsibilities in the habilitation of the auditorily handicapped. Standards and implementations procedures for certificate of clinical competence in audiology. Standards and implementations procedures for certificate of clinical competence in speech-language pathology. Standards and implementations for the certificate of clinical competence in audiology. Toward the development of paradigms to conduct functional evaluative research in audiological rehabilitation. An ecological approach to disability and handicap in relation to impaired hearing. Competencies needed by teachers of hearing-impaired infants, birth to three years, and their parents. International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps: A manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease. International classification of functioning, disability and health (Prefinal draft, full version, December 2000).

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Comparison of short term indirect calorimetry and doubly labeled water method for the assessment of energy expenditure in preterm infants. Determinants of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man: Effects of body composition, age, sex, ethnicity and glucose tolerance in 916 subjects. A critical analysis of measured food energy intakes during infancy and early childhood in comparison with current inter national recommendations. Effects of a very-low-calorie diet on long-term glycemic control in obese Type 2 dia betic subjects. Pubertal African-American girls expend less energy at rest and during physical activity than Caucasian girls. Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight men during weight loss through dieting as compared with exercise. The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women. A review of the Canadian ?Nutrition Recommendations Update: Dietary Fat and Children. Spon taneous physical activity and obesity: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in Pima Indians. This level of intake, however, is typi cally exceeded to meet energy needs while consuming acceptable intake levels of fat and protein (see Chapter 11). The median intake of carbohydrates is approximately 220 to 330 g/d for men and 180 to 230 g/d for women. Due to a lack of sufficient evidence on the prevention of chronic diseases in generally healthy indi viduals, no recommendations based on glycemic index are made. Oligosaccharides, containing 3 to 10 sugar units, are often breakdown products of polysaccharides, which contain more than 10 sugar units. Oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose are found in small amounts in legumes. Finally, sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol and mannitol, are alcohol forms of glucose and fructose, respectively. In addition, sugars are used to confer certain functional attributes to foods such as viscosity, texture, body, and browning capacity. The monosaccharides include glucose, galactose, and fructose, while the disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose. Corn syrups contain large amounts of these saccharides; for example, only 33 percent or less of the carbohydrates in some corn syrups are mono and disaccharides; the remaining 67 percent or more are trisaccharides and higher saccharides (Glinsmann et al.

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Current symbols or abbreviations (constantly updated) from an approved facility list 3. A printout of the face sheet when file is computerized (for use in recording information during client visit) 4. Description of intervention as ?treatment according to treatment plan? when this statement accurately describes planned activities F. The documenter should provide rationale for such clinical decisions as test selection, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment goals, and recommendations. Whether medical diagnosis is a degenerative disease, and whether that client has stabilized or is in remission 2. That treatment is based on comprehensive evaluation, and that ongoing evaluation is part of the treatment and rehabilitation process 3. Significant functional improvement in objective measurable terms when describing progress 4. Including signed documentation about consultation with client, caregiver, and/ or legally responsible person 3. Obtaining signed and dated releases of information forms in compliance with state policy whenever documents are released or information is disclosed I. Signing all record entries with name and professional title of primary care person and all appropriate professionals 3. Dating and initialing materials from other facilities before entering them into permanent record. Note: For legal purposes, records need to be thorough, accurate, and include all necessary signatures and release authorizations. Conducting a records review to ensure that records are complete, accurate, and maintained on proper schedule 2. Developing checklist for completing each form (so that it is accurately completed the first time) K. Clinical records must be kept in an organized and systematic fashion, by, for example, 1. Log should list dates and services provided, name or initials of the provider of the service and other identifying information, such as client number. That is, there must be functional deficits requiring intervention only by a 40 Revised on 6/2010 skilled professional who is qualified to assess client needs, plan and implement effective treatment, and consider (and prevent) potential medical complications. Within either system, records should be organized according to alphabetical or numerical order. Records and files should be organized systematically so that they can be accessed and understood by all potential readers, including the original documenter in future years. Bibliography Amendment to House General Article Section 4-403, Acts of Maryland General Assembly. Classification of speech-language pathology and audiology procedures and communication disorders. Standards for Professional Service Programs in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.

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